Some adjustments, following suggestions in the PR discussion.

code/modules/surgery/bodyparts/bodyparts.dm

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart
 	name = "limb"
+	desc = "why is it detached..."
 	var/mob/living/carbon/human/owner = null
 	var/status = ORGAN_ORGANIC
 	var/body_zone //"chest", "l_arm", etc , used for def_zone
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/chest
 	name = "chest"
-	desc = "why is it detached..."
+	desc = "It's impolite to stare at a person's chest."
 	icon_state = "chest"
 	max_damage = 200
 	body_zone = "chest"
@@ -280,7 +281,6 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/l_arm
 	name = "left arm"
-	desc = "why is it detached..."
 	icon_state = "l_arm"
 	max_damage = 75
 	body_zone ="l_arm"
@@ -290,7 +290,6 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/r_arm
 	name = "right arm"
-	desc = "why is it detached..."
 	icon_state = "r_arm"
 	max_damage = 75
 	body_zone = "r_arm"
@@ -300,7 +299,6 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/l_leg
 	name = "left leg"
-	desc = "why is it detached..."
 	icon_state = "l_leg"
 	max_damage = 75
 	body_zone = "l_leg"
@@ -310,7 +308,6 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/r_leg
 	name = "right leg"
-	desc = "why is it detached..."
 	icon_state = "r_leg"
 	max_damage = 75
 	body_zone = "r_leg"

code/modules/surgery/bodyparts/dismemberment.dm

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 	var/direction = pick(cardinal)
 	var/t_range = rand(2,max(throw_range/2, 2))
 	var/turf/target_turf = get_turf(src)
-	for(var/i = 1; i < t_range; i++)
+	for(var/i in 1 to t_range-1)
 		var/turf/new_turf = get_step(target_turf, direction)
 		target_turf = new_turf
 		if(new_turf.density)
@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/chest/dismember()
 	var/mob/living/carbon/human/H = owner
-	if(!istype(H) || !H.dna.species:has_dismemberment) //human's species don't allow dismemberment
+	if(!istype(H) || !H.dna.species.has_dismemberment) //human's species don't allow dismemberment
 		return 0
 
 	var/organ_spilled = 0
 	var/turf/T = get_turf(H)
+	T.add_blood(H)
 	playsound(get_turf(owner), 'sound/misc/splort.ogg', 80, 1)
 	for(var/X in owner.internal_organs)
 		var/obj/item/organ/O = X
@@ -289,12 +290,12 @@
 
 //Regenerates all limbs. Returns amount of limbs regenerated
 /mob/living/proc/regenerate_limbs(noheal)
-	return
+	return 0
 
 /mob/living/carbon/human/regenerate_limbs(noheal)
 	var/list/limb_list = list("head", "chest", "r_arm", "l_arm", "r_leg", "l_leg")
 	for(var/Z in limb_list)
-		regenerate_limb(Z, noheal)
+		. += regenerate_limb(Z, noheal)
 
 /mob/living/proc/regenerate_limb(limb_zone, noheal)
 	return
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@
 /mob/living/carbon/human/regenerate_limb(limb_zone, noheal)
 	var/obj/item/bodypart/L
 	if(get_bodypart(limb_zone))
-		return
+		return 0
 	L = newBodyPart(limb_zone, 0, 0, src)
 	if(L)
 		if(!noheal)

code/modules/surgery/bodyparts/head.dm

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /obj/item/bodypart/head
 	name = "head"
-	desc = "what a way to get a head in life..."
+	desc = "Didn't make sense not to live for fun, your brain gets smart but your head gets dumb."
 	icon_state = "head"
 	max_damage = 200
 	body_zone = "head"

code/modules/surgery/helpers.dm

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 					if(!S.possible_locs.Find(selected_zone))
 						continue
 					if(affecting)
-						if(S.requires_missing_bodypart)
+						if(!S.requires_bodypart)
 							continue
 						if(S.requires_organic_bodypart && affecting.status == ORGAN_ROBOTIC)
 							continue
-					else if(H && !S.requires_missing_bodypart) //human with no limb in surgery zone when we need a limb
+					else if(H && S.requires_bodypart) //human with no limb in surgery zone when we need a limb
 						continue
 					if(!S.can_start(user, M))
 						continue
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@
 						if(H)
 							affecting = H.get_bodypart(check_zone(selected_zone))
 						if(affecting)
-							if(procedure.requires_missing_bodypart)
+							if(!procedure.requires_bodypart)
 								return
 							if(procedure.requires_organic_bodypart && affecting.status == ORGAN_ROBOTIC)
 								return
-						else if(H && !procedure.requires_missing_bodypart)
+						else if(H && procedure.requires_bodypart)
 							return
 						if(!procedure.can_start(user, M))
 							return

code/modules/surgery/prosthetic_replacement.dm

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 	steps = list(/datum/surgery_step/incise, /datum/surgery_step/clamp_bleeders, /datum/surgery_step/retract_skin, /datum/surgery_step/add_prosthetic)
 	species = list(/mob/living/carbon/human)
 	possible_locs = list("r_arm", "l_arm", "l_leg", "r_leg", "head")
-	requires_missing_bodypart = 1
+	requires_bodypart = FALSE //need a missing limb
 
 /datum/surgery/prosthetic_replacement/can_start(mob/user, mob/living/carbon/target)
 	if(!ishuman(target))

code/modules/surgery/surgery.dm

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 	var/list/possible_locs = list() 							//Multiple locations -- c0
 	var/ignore_clothes = 0										//This surgery ignores clothes
 	var/obj/item/organ/organ									//Operable body part
-	var/requires_missing_bodypart = 0							//Surgery available only when a bodypart is present, or only when it is missing.
+	var/requires_bodypart = TRUE								//Surgery available only when a bodypart is present, or only when it is missing.
 
 /datum/surgery/proc/can_start(mob/user, mob/living/carbon/target)
 	// if 0 surgery wont show up in list