Bugfix pile (#22823)

Fixes several runtimes from the past few weeks, some additional material
repath regressions, and the fact that if I shoot you with a stream of
ionized deuterium particles, it doesn't riddle you with cancer.

changes:
- bugfix: "Fixes emergency shields runtiming when hit by thrown
objects."
  - bugfix: "Fixes several stale global list runtimes."
- bugfix: "Fixes several health percentage checks that could use unset
initial health values."
  - bugfix: "Fixes additional materials regressions in INDRA code."
  - bugfix: "Fixes invalid fuel injector depletion math."
- bugfix: "Makes accelerated particles apply radiation damage to living
mobs they pass through."

code/modules/effects/map_effects/portal.dm

@@ -179,8 +179,15 @@ when portals are shortly lived, or when portals are made to be obvious with spec
 
 // Connects both sides of a portal together.
 /obj/effect/map_effect/portal/master/proc/find_counterparts()
+	var/list/invalid_portal_masters
 	for(var/thing in GLOB.all_portal_masters)
+		if(!istype(thing, /obj/effect/map_effect/portal/master))
+			LAZYADD(invalid_portal_masters, thing)
+			continue
 		var/obj/effect/map_effect/portal/master/M = thing
+		if(QDELETED(M))
+			LAZYADD(invalid_portal_masters, thing)
+			continue
 		if(M == src)
 			continue
 		if(M.counterpart)
@@ -197,6 +204,9 @@ when portals are shortly lived, or when portals are made to be obvious with spec
 					their_line.counterpart = our_line
 			break
 
+	if(invalid_portal_masters)
+		GLOB.all_portal_masters -= invalid_portal_masters
+
 	if(!counterpart)
 		crash_with("Portal master [type] ([x],[y],[z]) could not find another portal master with a matching portal_id ([portal_id]).")